mahin karbar; aliasghar najaf poor; hossein alidade; Habibollah Esmaily
Abstract
Introduction: Daily excreted large amounts of waste from human communities in different ways. A significant portion of this waste consists of organic material. The recycling of these materials and using them in different ways prevent the damage caused to the environment and conserve resources and energy ...
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Introduction: Daily excreted large amounts of waste from human communities in different ways. A significant portion of this waste consists of organic material. The recycling of these materials and using them in different ways prevent the damage caused to the environment and conserve resources and energy is human attention. One of the appropriate methods of disposal of these wastes, production of organic fertilizer, vermicompost is. Objectives & ( hypothesis OR questions): Given that the municipality Ghochan, rotted cow manure and dried leaves of the trees used to produce vermicompost In this study the vermicompost production of cow manure, fruit waste, paper, sawdust and leaves (as carbon source) and germination index vermicompost is examined To finally be able to obtain the best additive to produce vermicompost. Materials & Methods: 5 treatments that are used to carry out the plan include: cow manure- Fruit lesions- Sawdust- leaf- Paper- Composition of the waste. Results: Used waste includes waste sawdust, fruit, paper, leaf and composition of the waste is suitable for vermicomposting is Eisenia fetida earthworms and proper nutrition. Waste paper to produce vermicompost alone is not suitable and it is better to prepare vermicompost should be used in combination with other organic wastes.. Conclusion: Changes of ash and carbon and C / N ratio indicates the fact that virtually After 70 days, the bedding materials are firmly established.
Hosein Alidadi; Habibollah Esmaili; Sayede Fateme Aghaee; Sayed Abolfazl Mirzaee; Mohammad Naser Shafiee Jafarabadi
Abstract
Background and objective: Nowadays, wastes of dental offices have become a major environmental issue for their hazardous, toxic and pathogenic features. The aim of this study was to survey on the wastes produced in dental offices of Bojnord. Materials & Methods: In this study 28 dentists' ...
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Background and objective: Nowadays, wastes of dental offices have become a major environmental issue for their hazardous, toxic and pathogenic features. The aim of this study was to survey on the wastes produced in dental offices of Bojnord. Materials & Methods: In this study 28 dentists' offices were studied. From each office, three samples were taken for three consecutive day’s week in a week. The samples were manually separated into 64 different components and weighed with a digital scale .The components were classified in 4 groups based on their hazardous characteristics. We analyzed the data by using descriptive statistics, SPSS 19 and the Excel software. Results: The total wastes production was 6162.31 Kg in one year. The share of infectious, semi household, chemical - pharmaceutical and toxic wastes was 40.85, 49.99, 7.47, and 1.69% respectively. The main wastes produced in dental offices consisted of 16 components which can be considered as more than 80% of the dental wastes. Conclusion:It is suggested that dentists should be trained to reduce, separate and recycle the wastes in accordance with relevant rules and regulations. Because the segregation of recyclable parts from dental wastes can lead to reduction of a large amount of wastes and so that the costs of collection, transportation, disposal and disinfecting will be reduced.